Cooling system



W. W. MUIR COOLING SYSTEM Jul 12, 1927.

Original Filed July 15, 1919 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 1 1927. Juy 7 WW. MUIR CQOLING SYSTEM Original Filed July 15. ;919

2 Sheets-Sheet 2 July 12, 1927.

, v UNITED, STATES PATENT OFFICE;

moron-w. mun, or nocxron'r, NEW YORK. coonnm sisrmr;

Original Io. Lassa,

radiator being drained and inoperative when the engine is not running, and preferably at e all times when the temperature of the liquid drops below the critical mentioned.

Numerous cooling systems in which the circulation of water throughthe radiator is I wholly or partially checked in starting until the system.is warmed up to the critical tempcrature'andduring running and at all times when it drops below the critical temperature, have been jboth described in pat- Lents, and publications and used, but all of these have encountered the important difliculty that in cold weather the radiator is apt to freeze either while the car is standing or when the engine is started. when the fan draft increases the chilling effect on the radiator with no corresponding transfer of heat. from the engine to the liquid contents of the radiator. Non-freezing mixtures are of course jectionablc on account of destruction of the rubber connections, formation of scale,- etc,-

temperature above and the lighter onesare in such systems quickly evaporated at the temperatures maintainedin'the jackct.' In the present'invention freezing and excessive cooling are avoided by automatically withdrawing the cooling liquid from the radiator or both the radiator and jacket to a reservoir in which it is less exposed and-in 5 which it may be protected by insulation; .lV-henever cooling -b means of the radiator becomes necessary, t e cooling liquid is autoinatically drawn from the tank in a quan- V *tity sufiicient for the'purpose and passed through the radiator and jacket, circulation through the jacket alone, being maintained whenever the en no is running. Evaporation is prevente by continually mixing the uncann 1:, 1020, Serial No. 811,009, fl1ed my 13, min.

1 name fled larch 20, 1922. Serial in. 545,314;

form including the byused but theheavier ones are ole-- afshaft 14. del' iiers by heated liquid and ya ors with a cooler bd dy of liquid maintaine for this purpose, the invention including among other features an arrangement of connections and a particular.

type of pump by which this mixing and circulation are accomplished.

lustrated diagrammatically several different In the accompanying drawii'igs, I hare ilcooling systems embodying my invention ment.

slightly different arran I an elevation partly in section Figure 1 is showing a poses of description be termed the preferred orm;

Fi mre 2 is a similar view of a system in whi the memberhereinafter referred to as the by-pass is eliminated;

In Figure 3. I have shown still another ass, the radiator being above the rest of t lation being manually controlled;

."Figure 4; is a similar view of the same system taken on the same plane but with an automatic instead of a manual control.

Referring tothe drawings by numerals,

the cooling system disclosed in Figure 1 in-- eludes a water jacket 1, radiator 2, a reservoir or tank 3 below the level of the radiator and jacket and having a. fluid capacity preferably equal to or jacket and radiator taken together. In this instance as shown the usual position relatively to thewater 'acket and has connections 4, 5 between the flcket and'the radiator corresponding to those in the ordinary automobile cooling system. 'lhese. connecti ons are, however, widely different in form and arrangement from the ordinary type. The connection 5, which for convenience will be referred to as the top connection includes av valve or above the top level of the water in the jacket 1. To this"chamber is connected :1 by-pass 7 which leadstherefrom to a low point in the system shown as near the bottom of the tank .3 where it is connected to the chamber 8 of a circulating pump 9. The Irv-pass? isalso connected to the reservoir by' asina1l opening 10 near the bottom of the-latter, and thepum which is driven by ay of a passage 11 system which will for the pur-.

e system, the circuradiator occupies the chamber 6 near leading to .a, iitcket preferably dischargingv near the bottoinfof the jacket. This passage exceeding that of the sage so that the passa to the top of the ,bypass 7 and I .thence through the valve pass 7 to the bottom of the tank 3. It will as shown is of the goose neck type, the top of the bend being near or above the' top of the jacket havin I an opening 12 at. this point by which in the present instance, as illustrated, it vents into the top passage or vice versa to prevent siphoning of from the jacket back to the tank 3. The bottom connection 4, in addition to including the tank 3, the nunp chamber -8 and the oose neck (IOIIIIECtlOIl 11, includes a vent 13 From the top of the reservoir 3 discharging into the atmosphere well above the water level, and a filler opening 25 WlllGh limits the water level in the reservoir or the extent to which it can be' filled when the en- .gine is idle. The connection 4, as already pointed out, leads froml the bottom of the radiator to the bottom of the tank 3 which is connected at a low point therein to the ump chamber 8 which is in turn connected y oose neck 11 to a low point in the jacket.

The connection 5 has been described as including a chamber 6 intermediate of the pase connects the chamber et and the to of the radiator fromwhich chamber lea s a bypass 7 to the bottom of the tank 3 and the intake of the pump. This latter passa e is controlled by a valve cooperating with a seat 16 so that the delivery of water to the pump via the passage 7 may be cut off when desired. The itlve 15 is mounted on a stem 17 which-also carries operates with a valve seat 19 leading from the chamber to the passage 5 in the direction of the mtliator.

This \ialve is actuated by a thermostatic member 20 opposed by a spring 21. The sprin as illustrated bears against a stationary a iutment 22 at one end, and at the other end against the valve 18, keeping it normally closed so that the water cannot enter the radiator. The thermostat 20 acts against the other side of the abutment 22, being between said abutment and a pin or shoulder 23 on the valve stem 17. When running, until the systcin is warmed up tothe critical temperature and when the engine is idle, the

radiator is empty, being drained into the reservoir 3. The thermostat which may he a flexible hollow member containing a volatile liquid, when sufficiently heated expands and acting against the compression of the spring 21, opens' the valve 18 and closes the valve 15, terminating the circulation through the permitting circulation through the radiator. Circulation is viathc bypass 7 and tank 3 to the pump housing, from the pump through the pipe 1.1 to the bottom of the-jacket and from the jacket by the lower half of the pipe 5 to the valve chamber,

seat 16 and the bvbe noted that'there is a tendency at this the water.

bottom of the tank condensed in the radiator is mixed with the.

a valve 18 which co-- .vapor formed in the .jacket' is condensed and theheat generated is 'tllltll lt letlCllQS a retained in the system point where radiation is desirable to prevent overheating.

When the temperature of maximum efficiency of the s 'stem is reached or any re deteimriied pre erred temperaturc accor ing'. to the setting of the thermostat, the latter acts, closing the valve 15 and opening .the valve 18, transferring the -iat-h of circulation from the bypass to tie. radiator. In this connection it will be noted thatthe'bottom connection of the radiator '4 leads to the 3, so that any vapor not liquid in the tank and thus condensed, this action being particularly favorable to the use of the more volatile non-freezin mixtures. in case of "The bottom connection 34 includes a pump chamber. 36 with a rotary centrifugal pump flT-and the pipe 39 leading from the pump delivery to the jacket. The pump has a double suction, that is,-it is fed both from the radiator and from the tank- 33 by supply pipe 38 leading from the bottom'of the tank. The pump delivery passage 39 leads to the jacket preferably toward the bottom of the jacket.

it. will be noted that the pump 37 is of peculiar construction, having blades 46 in radial planes or substantially radial planes through the axis, and a dividing plate 47 at right angles to the axis pump blades. This plate has the effect of dividing the suction, so that the pump is fed both from the tank and radiator or from either, delivering the cooling liquid from both or either to the jacket.

Tbetopconnection includes a valve chamber having a valve seat 41 from which the upper portion of the connection 35 leads to the top of the radiator, the other portion topof I The tank 33 is of capacity suflicicnt to and intersecting the excess pressure in t 1e sy'stem there is a vent 13 leading from the tank engine is not running,

equal the capacity of the rest of the system and at a low point in the system relatively to the jacket and radiator, so that when the the cooling liquid drains into the tank which may be heat in-- sulated to not only prcve nt freezing but to make starting easy, for this arrangement not only prevents excessive loss of heat-from the 5 also effects the 'the radiator while the car is standing, butkeeps the liquid well above atmospheric. temperature for a long period. \Vith this system as shown the jacket as well as the radiator is drained. Q

On snrting the pump draws the liquid from the tank and fills the jacket, but the valve 42 is closedat temperatures belowthe chosen normal or critical temperature so that the radiator is inoperative until'such temperature is reached. As soon as the system reaches the predetermined normal which it is desired to maintain or passes slightly above it, the valve .42 is opened by the operation of the thermostat 43 and the water is permitted to enter theradiator from which L t is drawn through the bottom connection 34 to and by the pump 37 which also draws from the tank 33 so that the liquid from the radiator which may contain a quantity of,

vapor not condensed in the radiator is mixed with this cooler liquid to produce any desired effect of condensation."

The central division plate in the amp with the double intake from the ra iator and tank forces cooling liquid to be supplied to the jacket whenever the engine is running, bringing it from wherever the supply may. be located whether it is in the tank 33 or coming from the radiator 32 and it necessary mixing of'the vapors if any with the cooling liquid.

In Figures 3 and 4 I have shown still another 5 stem, the system asillustrated in Figure 3, [icing manually controlled and'that Y in Figure 4 being automatic and preferably adjusted to keep the system when running at the critical temperature, oth rwise known as the temperature of maximum efficiency of the engine. ,7

Referring to Figure 3, I have shown a water jacket 51, a radiator 52 placed entirely above the level of the waterjacket, a tank 53 below the radiator, 21. bottom connection 54,. top connection 55 and bypass 56.

More particularly, the top connection 55- which leads from the upper portion of the water jacket to the radiator near the top, includes a valve chamber 57 having threeports 58, 5!) and 60 leading 'inthe direction of the radiator, the by-pass and the water jacket respectively. In this valve chamber ls a rotary plug valve 6] actuated by an arm 62 to which is connected a rod 6'} leading to dash or instrument board or other convenient location. The radiator or cooling member being in the present instance placed 'nected by a pipe 69 to connection 55 which includes intermediately the valve chamber 57-, leads from the upper part of the jacket to the: radiator near the top. The radiator is drained from the bottom by a pi pc 65, forming part of the bottom connection 54, which empties into the tank 53 well below the water level in the tank and as illustrated near the bottom. The tank which also forms part of the bottom connection 54 is connected by a pipe 66 to the suction of a pump 67 which in the present instance is of the rotar 37 in the form of -t 1e invention just 'de-' scribed. the delivery of the pump being donthe engine jacket 51.

As shown, is connection is near the bottype like the pump tom level of the tank,--the pump being of the double suction type as already described with radiating blades and a-central division plate giving a double auction, the other intake beingconnected to the .bypass 56.

Preferably the reservoir 53 is of capacity suthcient to fill the radiator and the upper portion of the system above the reservoir without uncovering the lower end of the pi 65 or. nearly exposing the same. the preferred form avent 69 well above the water level.

In operation when the en ine is idle, the radiator is normally draine the height towhich the tank can be filled'bein limited by the position of the filler opening 0. Assumingthafithe engine is started, and that the valve. 61 is in the position in which the port 59 leading to the by-pass 56 and the port 60 leading the port 58 will be closed, for the ports and valve openings are so arranged that the ports 58 and 59- are alternately closed, and the port 60 opens when either said port 58 or 59 opens. The port 58 being closed the pump will be unable to deliver water to the radiator and will set up a continuous circulation tlnough the jacket and through the bypass back to said pump, a certain amount of water which is drawn from the tank will thus be mixed with the supply in the jacket. If the tank is insulated this will of course ordinarily be warm water.

As the radiator is empty when the topconnection 55 is closed, there is very little less of heat and the temperature of the water in the jacket andby-pass rises rapidly. When the desired temperature is reached, the valve 61 is moved by means of the rod 63, thus closing the by-pass and opening the top connection. Under these circumstances the pump draws almost its entire supply'of' tion through the radiator. When it happens thatcxcesslve cooling takes place, the valve It has in I to the water jacket are open, then T-livery of water to the radiator for any reason ceases; the liguid being retained in a suitwhen the engine is idle but may hes-moved to reduce the circulation through the radiator or closed'entlrely to dispense with the loss of heat. Q In Figure 4 I have shown a viewofa cooling system like that illustrated in Flgure 3 except as to the valve. In the present system a thermostatic valve like that illustratcd in Figure 1 has been substituted for the manually controlled valve sl own in Figure 3, the valve being indi cated'by reference character 7 5 has its various parts numhercd in accordance with the disclosure of Figure 1, the other parts of this cooling system being numbered like the corresponding parts in Figure The operation is exactly the same except that the thermostatic valve being set for the desired temperature, performs automatically the function of the valve 62 with its controlling means 63, In both cases the radiator being drained into the lower part of the/reservoir 53, the vapors not condensed in the radiator are mixed with the liquid in thetank and thus condensed. The pump 67 is of the double suct-ion type and serves tomix the liquid in the by-pass with the liquid from the tank, 'and to maintain a continuous circulation through the bypass until the criticaLtemperature is reached and through the jacket and radiator and tank when the critical temperature is reached or passed.

Im rtant features of the invention are icon in the means for closing the passage leading to the radiator in combination with means whereby the radiator is automatically drained whentthe engine is stopped or deable receptace and automatically returned -to circulation when the engine is started.

In the preferred form of the invention the means for closing the connection leading to the radiatoris thermostatically controlled so that this in combination with the reservoir has the effect of draining the radiator when the engine is stopped and keeping it empty until the temperature of the cooling liquidreaches the temperature of maximum efficlency. Whenever excess cooling takes .place, the radiator is again out out. Even though the engine is running, 'it is drained and rendered wholly inoperative until needed. This prevents loss of power by excess cooling and not only prevents freezing prevents freezing of the radiator thermostat which automatically draining the radiator, such a check to circulation permits sudden'chilling and in veryeold weather causes freezing of the radiator before the thermostat can act.

In addition tothe automatic draining of the invention includes in at the radiator,

due to the action of thein the older syste'msmerely stopsthe circulation, leaving the radiator full of liquid. In the absence of means-for least one form means for automatically draining both the jacket and radiator when the ,engine stops.- -This has the additional 'advantage of absolutely preventing in ury to the engine by freezing in the jacket The double suction pump which/draws waterfrom the radiator, the tank and the by-pa'ss, and-delivers it to the cooling jacket large capacity containing an excess supply aid to receive the heated mixture of of li liquic and va or from the radiator to trap the vapor an condenseit, preventing loss of the volatile non-freezing elements of the cooling liquid, is of value in connection with any system, particularly thosein which vol.- atile materials are used to prevent freezing or for any otherpurpose.

Ths arrangement also has the effect of prevepting loss by evaporation even where pure Water'is' used.

1.- In a cooling system for internal com bustion engines, a circuit for cooling fluid comprising a jacket, a radiator, normally acting .as a condenser, means for maintaining an excess supply of cooling 1i uid, and means for delivering the fluid :r'om the radiator beneath the surface of liquid in said supply and thereby trapping and condensing the vapor .which has passed through densed.

'2. In a cooling system for internal combustion engines, a circuit for cooling fluid including a jacket and a! radiator, normally actlng as a condenser, a reservoir adapted to contain an excesssupply of cooling- Ii '11 connected to theradiator and to the jacli dt andmeans for delivering thecooling fluid the radiator without being con-' from the radiatorbeneaththesurface of said 4 ping and retaining 1n the system'the v'acxcess supply of cooling fluid, thereby trapporized cooling fluid not condensed in the 1 radiator,

3. In a 'codlin g. system "for" internal 'combustion' engines, a circuit comprising a j acketand a ra d1ator, a reservoir below the-radiator connected to the circuit for receiving and from" the radiator-{with saidsupply and circulating,'coolingb liquid' through the jacket and radiatonaqd means whereby the flow of.

cooling liquid to theradiator is checked until the liquid has attained a predetermined temcontaininga supply of cooling liquid, means nected to the radiator and to the pump.

chamber, means for limiting the water level in the reservoir, means forclosing the bypass, means for cutting off the flow of fl'llld to the radiator, and means for operatingv said means alternately whereby the radiator is cut 05, and the bypass opened when the 0001- ing fluid is below a-certain' temperature and the reverse is' accomplished when it exceeds a predetermined temperature.

. 5. In a cooling system for internal "combustion engines,a jacket, a radiator normally acting as :a condenser connected to. the jacket;.a temperature governed means for controlling said connection; a reservoir adapted to contain an excess supply ofi cool.-

,ing liquid; a connection between the lower "portion of theradiator and the lowest portion of the reservoir permittin the radiator toernpt automatieallylinto sai reservoir benc th' e level of liquid therein]; and means to 3 lifting the cooling fluid from the reservoir when the engine is running.

\6. In a coolin system for internal cp'inbustion engines, t e combination of a jacket;

a radiator; means connecting said radiator -to said jacket; a reservoir located at a lower level than the radiator; connections between the lowest 'rtion of said radiatorand the lowest portions of said reservoir enabling the radiator to emptyfautomatically into said reservoir whenthe liquid supply to said radiator stops; additional connections betweensaid reservoir and said jacket; and means for forcing liquid fromr said reservoir to said jacket through said last namedconnect ons.

7. In a cooling system for internal combus'tion engines, a jacket, a radiator connect- -ed to the jacket, a reservoiiaconnected to the radiator and placed at a lower level than the radiator; and means for lifting the cooling fluid from the reservoir when the eng ne 13 running, the connection from the radiator to the reservoir extending from a low point in .the radiator to a'low point in the reservoir, a by-pass leading -from a point in the :ys'tem between theyjacket'and radiator to e lifting means, means for alternately cluein the bypass and connection l ead ng'tothej 'ra iator, and means for limitlngthe-wate'r level so the radiator drain's when delivery of liquid to it stops;

8. In a coollng system'tor internal combustion engine s, a jacket, a radiator connectedfto the-jacket, a reservoir connected to the radiator'and placed ata lower level than the ra'dia'tor, and means for lifting the .oooling bustionengines, a circuit comprising avjacket, 130' fiuidfrom the reservoir when the engine is running, the connection from the radiator to the reservoir extending from a low point in the radiator to a low point in the reservoir,

a by pass leadin from a point in the system between the jacE mg means, thermostatically controlled means for alternately closing the by-pass and connection leading to the radiator, and means .for limiting the water level so the radiator drains when delivery of liquid to it stops.

et and radiator to the lift-' 9; In a cooling system for internal combastion engines, a circuit comprising a cooling jacket, a radiator and circulating means, a reservoir connected to the circuit below the level of the radiator and water jacket, means for lifting the water from the reser vol'r and passing it through the'circuit so the radiator is drained when the liftingaction ceases and a bypass leadin from a pointin the circuit between the jac et and the top of the radiator to the reservoir. t I

10. In a cooling system for internal combustion engines, a circuit comprising a cooling jacket, a radiator and circulating means, a reservoir connected to the circuit below the level of the radiator and water 'acket and of capacity sufficient to supply an drain the system, means for liftin water from the res; ervoir.-and passing it t rough the circuit, a bypass leading from a oint in the circuitbetween the jacket and t e top of the radiatorto the reservoir, and means for limiting the liquid content of the system so the radiator 1s emptied-when the engine stops, and means for closing the by-pass and radiator fconnection alternately."

11. In a cooling system tor internal com-- bustion engines, a circuit comprising a cool-' mg acket, a radiator and circulating means, a. reservo r connected to the'clrcuit below the pass leading from a point in the circuit be- .level of the radiator and water'jacket, a bytween thejacket, and the top of the radiator to the reservoir,-and a thermallyvcontrolled valve associated with the by-pass and radiator-connection to exclude the coolin'g fluid from the radiator until the fluid has attained a predetermined temperature, so the radiator is drained and inoperative when the engine stops, and filled and operative when the engine is at the predetermined temperature. D

12. In a cooling system 'for. internal com- 'bustion engines, a circuit comprising a jacket, a radietor'normally' acting as a condenser, a pump with connections to the top and bottom of the jacket, a reservoir 'for' cooling liquid connected to the radiator to I receive coolin flui'd from the radiator, the connection de ivering the fluid from the ra-- diator ata low point in the reservoir-to trap uncondensed vapor from the IIRdlfliiOI.

13. Ina cooling system for mte'rnalcoma radiator, circulating means, a thermostatic control between the top of the radia'torand the jacket, and'a' reservoir in addition to the radiator and its tank for liquid receiving the fluid from the radiator. V

14. In a. cooling system for internal combustion engines a circuit comprising a jacket, a radiator, a tank for cooling liquid connected to the circuit, a by-pass leading from a point in the circuit between the jacket and the top of the radiator to the reservoir, a thermostatic control serving to open 'and closethe by-pa's's and the connection leading to the radiator alternately, a pump receiving from the hy-pass and tank and delivering to the bottom of the acket.

15. In a cooling system for internal com bustion engines, a circuit comprising a jacket,

a radiator, a top connection from the jacket tothe radiator, a reservoir forcooling liquid connected to'the circuit, a bypass leading from a point in the top connection to the reservoir, a thermostatic control serving to-open and close the by-pass and the top connection leading to the radiator alternately, a pump receiving lrorn the bypass and tank having a connection by which it delivers to-the bottom of the jacket, the connection having an intermediate high portion and'a' passage leading from said high portion-to the top connection.

' 16. In a cooling system for internal combustion engines, a circuit eo'mprisin g a' jacket, a radiator, a reservoir connected to the circuit, a pump having two sets of blades on opposite sides, two inlets and one delivery, the Same receiving water from the bottom A of the radiator and from the reservoir and delivering it to the jacket. I

17. In a cooling system for internal combustion engines, a circuit comprising a jacket,

a radiator, a reservoir connected to the circuit, a pump'having two inlets and one delivery, the same receiving water from the bottom of the. radiator and from the reservoir and delivering it to the jacket.

18. In a cooling system for internal com-,

bustion engines, a cooling jacket, a radiator,

areservoir lower than the radiator and of capacity to drain the radiator, a rotary pump, a by-pass leading from a point in the circuit just above the jacket to the pump, the pump suction being connected to the said reservoir.

19. In a cooling system for internal combustion engines, a cooling jacket, a radiator, a reservoir below the radiator, a' rotary pump having two sets of blades on opposite sides, a by-pass leading from a point 1n the circuit just above the jacket to the pump,

a connection from the bottom of the radiator to the pump, the pump delivering to the jacket, and a valve controlling the bypass.

' voir place so the radiator will empty automatically. into radiator connection serving to open and close them alternately, and a thermostaticcontrol for said valve.

21. In a cooling system for internal combustion engines, a cooling jacket, a fidiator,

a reservoir lower than the radiator, a pump having a divided suction, a bypass leading irom a point in the circuit just .above the acket to the pump, a connection from the bottom of the radiator to the pump throu '11 the reservoir, the pump'dehvering to t e jacket, and a valve controlling the by-pass and the top/radiator connection serving to open and close them alternately, a thermostatic control for said valve, and'means for limiting the water level in the systemso the radiator is drained when the engine stops or the top connection is closed.

22. In a cooling system for internal oombustion engines, a 'acket, a radiator, a reser- V011 placed at the ower level than the radi- ,ator so. the radiator will'empty automatically into the reservoir when the 'e 6 stops, means for lifting the cooling fluid from the reservoir to the 'acket and radiator, and means for cutting ed to the'radiat'or when the cooling is unneecssary. I

23. In a cooling system for internal com-' the flow of water bustion engines, a jacket, a radiator, 11. reserthe reservoir when', the-en ne .stops, means for l fting the cooling flui fromthe reser- V011 to the jacket and radiatorand; thermostatically controlled means for cutting oilthe flow of watento the radiator". 1

24 In a cooling system for internal combustion engines, a jacket, a radiator, a reservoir placed at a lower level than the jacket and radiator so the jacket and radiator will empty automatically into the reservoir when the engine stops, means for lifting coolin fluid from the'reservoir to the jacket an radiator when the engine is running, thermostatically controlled meansfor cutting off the flow of cooling liquid to the radiator.

25. In a cooling system for internal combustion engines, comprising a jacket and a radiator with suitable connections, a thermostat controlling the admission of cooling fluid to the radiator and hence the temperaat a lower'level than the radiator mostat controlling the .admission of cooling fluid to the radiator and hence the temperature of the water in the jacket when the engine is running, and means for removing cooling lluid from .a low point in the radiator, the system having suliicient capacity iniexcess of the radiator and jacket to permit the radiator to be emptied when no radiation is necessary.

27. In a cooling system for internal combustion engines, a radiator; a circuit for cooling fluid including a jacket; connections between said radiator; and said circuit; means adapted to exclude said fluid from the radiator when its temperature is below a iredctermim-d degree and to permitsaid fluid to enter said radiator when its temperature is above said degree; and means adapted to empty said radiator of fluid when the engine stops, substantially as described.

28; in a cooling system for internal cone "and hustion engines, a'radiator; 'a circuit for a cooling fluid including a jacket; connections between said radiator and said circuit; means adapted to automatically exclude said fluid from the radiator when the cooling tluid'is below .a predetermined temperature and to permit said fluid to enter said. radiator when said temperature is exceeded; means to automatically. drain -said radiator when its supply of fluid ceases, substantially as described. i

29. in a cooling system for internal combuslion cugines, a radiator; a circuit fora cooling fluid including a jacket; connections between said radiator and said circuit; means in said circuit for maintaining an excess supply of fluid; means adapted toautomatically exclude said fluid from the radiator when the cooling fluid is below a -predeleru'iined temperature and to permit said fluid to enter said radiator when said temperature is exceeded: and means to automatically drain said radiato' into said first named means when said radiators supply of fluid ceases, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set mv hau l at liockport, State of New York this loth day-of March, 19A22. V WELLINGTON Wi MUIR. 

